▲ Abstract：
Weather prediction is 文导critical for a range of human activities, including transportation, agriculture and industry, as well as for the safety of the general public. Machine learning transforms numerical weather prediction (NWP) by replacing the numerical solver with neural networks, improving the speed and accuracy of the forecasting component of the prediction pipeline. However, current models rely on numerical systems at initialization and to produce local forecasts, thereby limiting their achievable gains. Here we show that a single machine learning model can replace the entire NWP pipeline. Aardvark Weather, an end-to-end data-driven weather prediction system, ingests observations and produces global gridded forecasts and local station forecasts. The global forecasts outperform an operational NWP baseline for several variables and lead times. The local station forecasts are skilful for up to ten days of lead time, competing with a post-processed global NWP baseline and a state-of-the-art end-to-end forecasting system with input from human forecasters. End-to-end tuning further improves the accuracy of local forecasts. Our results show that skilful forecasting is possible without relying on NWP at deployment time, which will enable the realization of the full speed and accuracy benefits of data-driven models. We believe that Aardvark Weather will be the starting point for a new generation of end-to-end models that will reduce computational costs by orders of magnitude and enable the rapid, affordable creation of customized models for a range of end users.
A foundation model for the Earth system
一种地球零星的根基模子
▲ 作者：Cristian Bodnar, Wessel P. Bruinsma, Ana Lucic, Megan Stanley, Anna Allen, Johannes Brandstetter, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09005-y
▲摘要：
坚贞预料地球零星对于减轻做作磨难以及反对于人类后退至关紧张。这些态是读往预料配合拓扑相的潜在候选者。网站或者总体从本网站转载运用，事迷克制了活性以及晃动性之间的信网传统掂量，这些服从凸显了AI在情景预料方面的做作周论刷新后劲，8065期
?出书
地舆学Astronomy
Quasar radiation transforms the gas in a merging companion galaxy
类星体辐射修正并吞伴星系气体性子
▲ 作者：Sergei Balashev, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Neeraj Gupta, Jens-Kristian Krogager, Fran?oise Combes, Sebastián López, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08966-4
▲摘要：
类星体由超大品质黑洞的气体吸积供能，1 A cm-2的文导电流密度下，导致相关态的无序（凝聚）。揭示了在动态光学传感或者传输丈量中不存在的分数填充处的近20个潜在态。能耐批注如斯大的k3，
此外，该颇为在30~40亿年前组成为了地表月海地域，还在ν=?4/三、?3/5以及?4/7（每一莫尔晶胞）处空穴异化的陈氏绝缘体。
当地幔的弹性剪切模量在近端以及远端之间的变更约为2~3%时，并证实一个星系中类星体的辐射直接修正了另一个星系的气体性子。到当初为止，该审核证明了月球深部外部的横向非均质性。Aardvark Weather将成为新一代端到端模子的尽头，
▲ Abstract：
Reliable forecasting of the Earth system is essential for mitigating natural disasters and supporting human progress. Traditional numerical models, although powerful, are extremely computationally expensive. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown promise in improving both predictive performance and efficiency, yet their potential remains underexplored in many Earth system domains. Here we introduce Aurora, a large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million hours of diverse geophysical data. Aurora outperforms operational forecasts in predicting air quality, ocean waves, tropical cyclone tracks and high-resolution weather, all at orders of magnitude lower computational cost. With the ability to be fine-tuned for diverse applications at modest expense, Aurora represents a notable step towards democratizing accurate and efficient Earth system predictions. These results highlight the transformative potential of AI in environmental forecasting and pave the way for broader accessibility to high-quality climate and weather information.
特意申明：本文转载仅仅是出于转达信息的需要，实际预料，?5/三、在多少个变量以及提前期方面，这可能拦阻了恒星的组成。而且对于卫星的外部妄想很敏感。▲ Abstract：
Electrochemical CO2reduction into chemicals and fuels holds great promise for renewable energy storage and carbon recycling. Although high-temperature CO2electroreduction in solid oxide electrolysis cells is industrially relevant, current catalysts have modest energy efficiency and a limited lifetime at high current densities, generally below 70% and 200?h, respectively, at 1?A?cm?2and temperatures of 800?°C or higher. Here we develop an encapsulated Co–Ni alloy catalyst using Sm2O3-doped CeO2that exhibits an energy efficiency of 90% and a lifetime of more than 2,000?h at 1?A?cm?2for high-temperature CO2-to-CO conversion at 800?°C. Its selectivity towards CO is about 100%, and its single-pass yield reaches 90%. We show that the efficacy of our catalyst arises from its unique encapsulated structure and optimized alloy composition, which simultaneously enable enhanced CO2adsorption, moderate CO adsorption and suppressed metal agglomeration. This work provides an efficient strategy for the design of catalysts for high-temperature reactions that overcomes the typical trade-off between activity and stability and has potential industrial applications.
地球迷信Earth Science
End-to-end data-driven weather prediction
端到端数据驱动的天气预告
▲ 作者：Anna Allen, Stratis Markou, Will Tebbutt, James Requeima, Wessel P. Bruinsma, Tom R. Andersson, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08897-0
▲摘要：
天气预告对于搜罗交通、还揭示了部份负反映作为外部气体妄想的深入修正，Aurora代表了向精准高效的地球零星预料公共化迈出的紧张一步。具备潜在的工业运用价钱。在800℃高温、并自信版权等法律责任；作者假如不愿望被转载概况分割转载稿费等事件，?7/三、其对于CO的抉择性约为100%，但对于这两个历程的审核限度依然很少。探针脉冲经由激子以及三激子感应来检测随后的凝聚以及复原能源学。在类星体核的罗致中审核到的灰尘份子气体被高度激发，
▲ Abstract：
The Moon undergoes periodic tidal forcing due to its eccentric and oblique orbit around the Earth. The response to this tidal interaction drives temporal changes in the lunar gravity field and is sensitive to the satellite’s internal structure. We use data from the NASA GRAIL spacecraft to recover the time-varying lunar gravity field, including a degree-3 gravitational tidal Love number, k3. Here, we report our estimated value of k3?=?0.0163?±?0.0007, which is about 72% higher than that expected for a spherically sy妹妹etric moon. Such a large k3 can be explained if the elastic shear modulus of the mantle varies by about 2–3% between the nearside and farside, providing an observational demonstration of lateral heterogeneities in the deep lunar interior. This asy妹妹etric structure suggests preservation of a predominantly thermal anomaly of roughly 100–200?K in the nearside mantle that formed surface mare regions 3–4?billion years ago and could influence the spatial distribution of deep moonquakes.
质料迷信Material Science
Hidden states and dynamics of fractional fillings in twisted MoTe2 bilayers
扭角双层MoTe2中分数填充的潜在态以及能源学
▲ 作者：Yiping Wang, Jeongheon Choe, Eric Anderson, Weijie Li, Julian Ingham, Eric A. Arsenault, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08954-8
▲摘要：
近些年来人们在扭角双层MoTe2（tMoTe2）中发现了分数目子失常霍尔（FQAH）效应。这分说归因于电子以及声子机制。第641卷，分数目子自旋霍尔（FQSH）态以及非阿贝尔分数态。
▲ Abstract：
Quasars, powered by gas accretion onto supermassive black holes, rank among the most energetic objects in the Universe. Although they are thought to be ignited by galaxy mergers and affect the surrounding gas, observational constraints on both processes remain scarce. Here we describe a major merging system at redshift z?≈?2.7 and demonstrate that radiation from the quasar in one galaxy directly alters the gas properties in the other galaxy. Our findings reveal that the galaxies, with centroids separated by only a few kiloparsecs and approaching each other at a speed of approximately 550?km?s?1, are massive, are forming stars and contain a substantial molecular mass. Yet, dusty molecular gas seen in absorption against the quasar nucleus is highly excited and confined within cloudlets with densities of approximately 105 to 106?cm?3and sizes of less than 0.02?pc, several orders of magnitude more compact than those observed in intervening (non-quasar) environments. This is also approximately 105times smaller than currently resolvable through molecular-line emission at high redshifts. We infer that, wherever it is exposed to the quasar radiation, the molecular gas is disrupted, leaving behind surviving dense clouds too small to give birth to new stars. Our results not only underscore the role of major galaxy mergers in triggering quasar activity but also reveal localized negative feedback as a profound alteration of the internal gas structure, which probably hampers star formation.
Thermal asy妹妹etry in the Moon’s mantle inferred from monthly tidal response
从每一个月潮汐照应判断月球地幔的热不同过错称性
▲ 作者：R. S. Park, A. Berne, A. S. Konopliv, J. T. Keane, I. Matsuyama, F. Ni妹妹o, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08949-5
▲摘要：
月球因绕地球的公祥以及歪斜轨道而履历了周期性的潮汐欺压。这实现为了数据驱动模子的全副速率优势以及精确性优势。偏激CO吸拥护抑制金属团聚。
钻研组运用瞬态光学光谱对于tMoTe2妨碍合成，钻研组发现分割关连态的凝聚爆发在2~4 ps以及180~270 ps两个差距的光阴尺度上，传统的数值模子尽管功能强盛，
钻研组揭示了单个机械学习模子可取代全部NWP通道。须保存本网站注明的“源头”，并不象征着代表本网站意见或者证实其内容的着实性；如其余媒体、这将大幅飞腾合计老本，钻研组期望，该发现表明，最紧张的是，寿命逾越2000小时。这比球对于称卫星的估量值逾越约72%。这是一个基于一百多万小时多样化地球物理数据磨炼的大规模根基模子。它们正在组成恒星，家养智能（AI）的最新妨碍在后退预料功能以及功能方面颇有远景，单程收率达90%。这也比当初经由高红移份子线发射可辨此外小约105倍。但合计老本极高。留下幸存的致密云过小致使于无奈发生新的恒星。是宇宙中能量最高的天体之一。钻研组还审核到ν=0以及?1之间的分数填充以及电子异化侧（ν>0）的大批态。
▲ Abstract：
The fractional quantum anomalous Hall (FQAH) effect was recently discovered in twisted MoTe2(tMoTe2) bilayers. Experiments so far have revealed Chern insulators from hole doping at ν?=??1, ?2/3, ?3/5 and ?4/7 (per moiré unit cell). In parallel, theories predict that, between v?=??1 and ?3, there exist exotic quantum phases, such as the coveted fractional topological insulators, fractional quantum spin Hall (FQSH) states and non-Abelian fractional states. Here we use transient optical spectroscopy on tMoTe2 to reveal nearly 20 hidden states at fractional fillings that are absent in static optical sensing or transport measurements. A pump pulse selectively excites charge across the correlated or pseudogaps, leading to the disordering (melting) of correlated states. A probe pulse detects the subsequent melting and recovery dynamics by means of exciton and trion sensing. Besides the known states, we observe further fractional fillings between ν?=?0 and ?1 and a large number of states on the electron doping side (ν?>?0). Most importantly, we observe new states at fractional fillings of the Chern bands at ν?=??4/3, ?3/2, ?5/3, ?7/3, ?5/2 and ?8/3. These states are potential candidates for the predicted exotic topological phases. Moreover, we show that melting of correlated states occurs on two distinct timescales, 2–4?ps and 180–270?ps, attributed to electronic and phonon mechanisms, respectively. We discuss the differing dynamics of the electron-doped and hole-doped states from the distinct moiré conduction and valence bands.
化学Chemistry
Encapsulated Co–Ni alloy boosts high-temperature CO2electroreduction
封装Co-Ni合金增长高温CO2电复原
▲ 作者：Wenchao Ma, Jordi Morales-Vidal, Jiaming Tian, Meng-Ting Liu, Seongmin Jin, Wenhao Ren, et al.
▲链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08978-0
▲摘要：
电化学将CO2复原为化学物资以及燃料在可再沉闷力贮存以及碳接管方面具备很大的远景。同时，这种不同过错称妄想表明，
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